湖南架線式電機車的工作原理：

架(jia)(jia)線(xian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)是借受(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弓從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路上取(qu)得電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能的(de)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)運行時(shi)，受(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弓沿(yan)著架(jia)(jia)空線(xian)滑動(dong)。架(jia)(jia)線(xian)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)的(de)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方式是，由(you)中心(xin)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所引來(lai)的(de)高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，供(gong)(gong)給牽引變(bian)(bian)流所三相(xiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，經變(bian)(bian)壓器(qi)降(jiang)壓，再經低壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)送到變(bian)(bian)流設(she)備，將(jiang)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)直(zhi)流。直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)正極通(tong)過供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)架(jia)(jia)空線(xian)導線(xian)相(xiang)連接(jie)(jie)，期(qi)間的(de)接(jie)(jie)點成為(wei)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)點，其負極通(tong)過回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)與(yu)軌道連接(jie)(jie)，相(xiang)應的(de)接(jie)(jie)點稱為(wei)回電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)點。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)，沿(yan)軌道運行的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)上部，靠受(shou)(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弓接(jie)(jie)觸架(jia)(jia)空線(xian)獲取(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，下部則利用車(che)(che)輪與(yu)軌道接(jie)(jie)觸，構(gou)成一個回路，使(shi)牽引電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)牽引礦車(che)(che)行駛。

由此可見，架線式電機車的(de)運(yun)行軌(gui)道，同時又是電(dian)流回路的(de)導線(xian)。為了減(jian)少(shao)牽(qian)引電(dian)網的(de)電(dian)壓降，一般(ban)在鋼軌(gui)的(de)接(jie)(jie)縫處(chu)利用導線(xian)或銅片(pian)連接(jie)(jie)，以減(jian)少(shao)接(jie)(jie)縫處(chu)的(de)電(dian)阻。