湖南變頻電機車種類很多，今天我們來了接下了解一下交流變頻調速電機車和直流電阻調速電機車的比較。
對交流變頻調速電機車和直流電阻調速電機車在電機可靠性、調速器維修量、節能性、調速性能、爬坡能力、機車傳動維修量及經濟效益等方面進行了比較分析,為電機車改造提供依據。
 一、電機可靠性比較
 直流電機轉子上因為有線圈和易磨損的換向銅頭、碳刷等,故障率高、維修費用大。
 三相異步交流電機可靠性高,其轉子上沒有線圈和換向銅頭,而是由鑄鋁和硅鋼片壓制成的鐵滾子,故可稱為永不損壞。
 二、調速器維修量比較
 電阻調速器由于凸輪控制觸頭的通與斷,斷開時產生的電弧,經常燒蝕觸頭,所以維修量很大。變頻調速器沒有觸頭,接點基本無維修。
 三、節能性比較
 由于直(zhi)流調速器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)帶有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)器運行(xing),因此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)白(bai)白(bai)消耗(hao)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)上(shang)(shang),同時由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)發熱導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)瓷架(jia)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)片燒壞。變(bian)頻調速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)不用高耗(hao)能(neng)降壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu),節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率可達35%,如果一個獨立供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統全部(bu)采用變(bian)頻調速電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)可設置(zhi)成慣(guan)性(xing)饋電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能(neng),那么就可以利用機車(che)(che)下(xia)坡(po)道拉重載(zai)車(che)(che)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機發出的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)回(hui)饋到直(zhi)流架(jia)線上(shang)(shang),供給此時在上(shang)(shang)坡(po)道運行(xing)的(de)(de)空載(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機車(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng),這樣(yang)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率可大于60%。

 四、調速性能比較 直流調速器電機車:
 ①有級分檔調速,不可能均勻調速,在低速行駛時司機需不停地在1檔和零檔轉換來獲得慢速運行;
 ②調速器只能加速,不能減速,減速是靠電制動或手制動來實現;
 ③直流電機的轉速是隨負載變化的,尤其是在下坡道運行時,機車可以開得飛快,容易出事故;
 ④不允許司機突然加速,否則損壞電機和調速器。 變頻調速電機車:
 ①為無級均勻調速,更低可調至0.1 Hz;
 ②為全速度段控制方式,速度不僅可以調高還可以調低,車速的快慢與停車完全由調速手把控制;
 ③可設定電機車更高車速限制,一旦車速設定好,即使是在下坡道行駛,機車也不會超過所設定的車速,這就避免了司機由于開飛車造成的事故;
 ④允許司機在零速起動時突然加速到更大值,因變頻調速器的頻率上升時間為5 s,即使司機違反操作規程突然加速,機車仍按5s時間到更大值。
 五、爬(pa)坡能力比較

直(zhi)流(liu)電阻(zu)調速(su)電機車(che)只能在≤11‰的(de)坡道(dao)上(shang)運行(xing),由于沒有零速(su)制(zhi)動(dong)功(gong)能,在上(shang)坡停車(che)時(shi)(shi)機車(che)會向下坡方向溜車(che),此時(shi)(shi)想用手制(zhi)動(dong),是來(lai)不(bu)及的(de)。變頻調速(su)機車(che)可在60‰的(de)大(da)坡道(dao)上(shang)運行(xing),并(bing)可以在上(shang)坡時(shi)(shi)僅用零速(su)制(zhi)動(dong)功(gong)能就能將列(lie)車(che)制(zhi)動(dong)在60‰的(de)大(da)坡道(dao)上(shang),并(bing)且還可以再啟動(dong)把重載拉上(shang)來(lai)。

Keyword：湖南變頻電機車

文章來源：//hhxkoi.cn/